Swinglea glutinosa extract

Swinglea glutinosa extract	Last updated: 20/05/2026
(Not known by any other names)

Hazard alerts

The following Pesticide Hazard Tricolour (PHT) alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. The alerts for Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) are based on applying the FAO/WHO (Type 1) and the PAN (Type II) criteria to PPDB data. Further details on the HHP indicators are given in the tables below. Neither the PHT nor the HHP hazard alerts take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus they do not represent risk.

PHT: Environmental fate	PHT: Ecotoxicity	PHT: Human health	Highly Hazardous Pesticide
	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Bees acute oral ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Genotoxic; Reproduction/development effects Warning: Significant data are missing

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An extract from the tropical citrus tree Tabog used for the control, suppression or partial suppression of common fungal diseases

Example pests/issues controlled

Alternaria leaf spot; Black spigatoka; Blossom blight; Powdery mildew; Bunch rot; Soft rot; Grey mould Botrytis cinerea

Example applications

Fruit including blueberry, pome fruits, stone fruits, berries and small fruits; Wine and table grapes; Vegetables including cucurbits, legumes, roots, tubers, aubergine; Oilseeds; Ornamentals

Efficacy & activity

Field studies demonstrate moderate control levels

Appearance and life cycle

Taxonomic classification

Class: Magnoliopsida; Order: Sapindales; Family: Rutaceae

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Not applicable

GB LERAP status

No UK approval for use as a plant protection agent

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Pending

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Netherlands

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Not applicable

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

USA; Canada; Latin America

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Not applicable

Chemical formula

Canonical SMILES

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

2D structure diagram/image available?

General status

Biopesticide type

Fungicide

Substance groups

Plant-derived substance

Minimum active substance purity

0.27–0.51% w/w total essential oil

Known relevant impurities

EU 2024 dossier: none declared

Substance origin

Natural; Complex mixture

Mode of action

Disrupt cellular integrity, leading to cell leakage, inhibition of fungal growth and the induction of plant defences

Substance source

Found in the tropical citrus tree Tabog Swinglea glutinosa native to the Philippines and Columbia amongst other locations

Mixture composition

The exact full chemical profile of Swinglea glutinosa extract is proprietary and not fully disclosed in public documents. It is treated as a complex mixture with no single dominant active ingredient although studies reveal it contains acridone alkaloids, phenolic compounds (such as flavonoids like apigenin di-C-glycosides, daidzein derivatives, and other glycosylated flavones/isoflavones) and other metabolites (e.g., phenolic acids, triterpenes, and severine alkaloids in related plant parts). Essential oils from fruits or leaves will include volatiles like trans-nerolidol, germacrene D, limonene, beta-pinene, alpha-terpineol and nerolidyl acetate.

Uses

Crop protection

Farming system suitability

CAS RN

EC number

CIPAC number

1002

US EPA chemical code

097096

PubChem CID

Molecular mass (Da)

Chemical name

Swinglea glutinosa extract

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

CAS name

Global Governance status: Listed (✓) under

UK Poisons List Order 1972	Rotterdam Convention	Montreal Protocol
XNo The Poisons List Order 1972	XNo Rotterdam Convention	XNo Montreal Protocol
Stockholm Convention	OSPAR	EU Water Framework Directive
XNo Stockholm Convention	XNo OSPAR	XNo EU Water Framework Directive

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Forever chemical

Highly Hazardous Pesticide (HHP)

Type I

Type II

Other status information

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

BM01

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Greenish brown liquid with characteristic botanical odour

Commercial

Property

Value

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

2018, first approved USA; 2024 approved Canada; 2024, approval sought EU

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Gowan Co

Example products using this active

EcoSwing Botanical Fungicide
GWN-10320

Formulation and application details

Formulated as a liquid containing 82% active ingredient

Commercial production

Bright, dark green leaves of Swinglea glutinosa are harvested and dried in a controlled environment, protected from direct sunlight, and exposed to airflow to ensure even drying. The dried leaves are then subjected to an extraction process, often using solvents like ethanol or water to extract the beneficial compounds from the leaves. The extract is filtered to remove any solid particles and then concentrated to increase the potency of the active ingredients.

Impact on climate of production and use

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C at pH 7 (mg l⁻¹)

1000000

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

10000

n-Heptane

10000

p-Xylene

10000

1,2-Dichloroethane

250000

Methanol

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

Log P

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

pH 1.36: 207.1nm=40.186, 220.4nm=38.377, 317.2nm=14.035, 343.7nm=12.177
pH 5.95: 199.5nm=60.691, 200.4nm=37.993, 269.7nm=23.410, 322.8nm=13.158, 343.7nm=11.678
pH 12.21: 202.7nm=16.831, 211.2nm=16.447, 232.3nm=29.989, 278.9nm=21.930, 386.9nm=13.158

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

55.5

: 1.0 g/L

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days)

DT₅₀ (typical)

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Soil mineralisation

Aerobic (at 20 °C)

Anaerobic (at 20 °C)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short Term Oral NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Mammals - Long Term (Chronic) Oral NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2250

Colinus virginianus

Low

Birds - Short term dietary LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ dw soil)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹ dw soil)

> 1000

Eisenia foetida

Low

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 4.37 mg kg⁻¹ soil 28 days

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Vegetative vigour ER₅₀ (g ha⁻¹)

> 3940

6 plant species tested as mL/ha

Seedling emergence ER₅₀ (g ha⁻¹)

> 3940

6 plant species tested as mL/ha

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 96.7

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic LDD₅₀ µg bee⁻¹

> 131

Apis mellifera

Notes

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ mL/ha, Std lab test

> 2870

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Low

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ mL/ha, Std lab test

3512

Typhlodromus pyri

Low

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Beneficial insects (Butterflies)

Contact

Notes

Oral

Notes

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 106

Pimephales promelas

Low

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

695

Daphnia magna

Low

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic Plants (free-floating, fonds growth, fresh) - 7 day (mg l⁻¹) (Semi static EC₅₀)

> 93.9

Lemna gibba

Low

Aquatic plants (rooted, growth rate, fresh) - 14 day (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute (growth rate, fresh; mg l⁻¹) (72 hr ErC₅₀)

> 73.4

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Low

Algae - Chronic (growth rate, fresh; mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

Regulatory Threshold Levels (RTLs)

Note: These RTLs have been calculated using the regulatory approach used in the European Union and based on ecotoxocity values in the PPDB.

Species group

RTL

Notes

Mammals

500

Worst case of acute and chronic mammals

Birds

225

Worst case of acute and chronic birds

Soil organisms

200

Worst case of acute and chronic earthworms

Terrestrial plants

788

Worst case of non-target plants vegetative vigour and seedling emergence

Pollinators

1.934

Worst case of contact and oral honeybees

Arthropods

1435

Worst case of parasitic wasps and predatory mites

Fish

1.06

Worst case of temperate acute and chronic fish

Aquatic invertebrates

6.95

Worst case of temperate acute and chronic aquatic invertebrates

Aquatic plants

7.34

Worst case of free-floating plants, rooted plants, acute and chronic algae

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short Term Oral NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Mammals - Long Term (Chronic) Oral NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

> 5000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.08

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

5.0

Rat SF=200 pending

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

10.0

Rat SF=100 pending

Dermal penetration studies (%)

10-50

default

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Low risk based on proposed pattern of use

Occupational

Low risk based on proposed pattern of use

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues (hazard-based)

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

General human health issues

Limited data means that genotoxic potential cannot be excluded

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
Not expected to self-ignite, Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

WHO Classification

Not listed

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

Swinglea glutinosa extract

French

German

Danish

Italian

Spanish

Greek

Polish

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	20/05/2026
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242

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